http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3798 2026-05-08T19:20:23Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4302 Title: Tobacco Labelling and Advertising Rules: Lessons from Other Countries for Zimbabwe Authors: Munguma, Christopher Abstract: Abstract This paper analysed the approach that has been taken by four countries in controlling tobacco usage through advertising and labelling rules. The paper is a documentary analysis and literature review of primary and secondary legal sources. The paper considered the national approaches adopted by the Commonwealth of Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), Thailand and Zimbabwe. The first three nations were used as examples that can offer lessons to Zimbabwe on how international tobacco control obligations are met. Australia and the UK were the first two countries to adopt plain packaging and hence offer some best practices. Thailand, on the other hand, was the first developing country to adopt plain packaging rules. Thailand’s case shows that developing countries can also adopt sound tobacco control rules. The Australian law led to several national and international legal challenges that were resolved in favour of Australia. The legal domestic challenges against standardised packaging in the United Kingdom were also resolved in favour of the British government. It was established in the study that, despite acceding to the World Health Organisation Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the Zimbabwean national legal framework is not yet compliant with the FCTC international treaty obligations. The laws of Zimbabwe are scanty and leave a lot of gaps in the control framework which have been exploited by tobacco manufacturers. This is unsatisfactory and calls for action on the part of the government. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4301 Title: The Zimbabwean University Clinical Movement in the Context of Legal Education Authors: Munguma, Christopher 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4300 Title: Securitisation of Intellectual Property Rights in Zimbabwe Through the Movable Property Security Interests Act Authors: Munguma, Christopher Abstract: This article discusses intellectual property movable security in the African context. It notes that securitisation of movable property in the African context is a recent development spurred by the establishment of a soft law on the subject by the United Nations. This international soft law has seen a number of African countries setting legal frameworks that accepts the use of movable property including intellectual property rights as security for credit in the formal market. This development has a serious impact on the ease of doing business for individuals and small businesses who otherwise lack immovable property to use as security. Despite the setting up of the statutory regimes that accepts the use of movable property as security some challenges are noted in the way some of the laws have been crafted in countries such as Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. As a result recommendations to tighten and close the gaps in in the Zimbabwean law context are made. 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4299 Title: An Analysis of Zimbabwe's Legal Framework for Trademarks and Tobacco Control Authors: Munguma, Christopher Abstract: The article analyses the legal framework for tobacco control in Zimbabwe and its effect on trademark rights. The analysis adopts a doctrinal review of primary legal sources such as case law and legislation. It also reviews academic literature on tobacco control measures that have been done at the international level, thus Europe, Asia and other African countries. Since Zimbabwe is a member to the World Health Organisation Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), it has certain obligations to advance the measures that are stipulated in the convention. Some of the measures that are provided in articles 11 and 13 of the WHO FCTC require that the country adopt labelling measures that are not misleading on tobacco products. It also imposes a total advertisement ban for tobacco products. These two measures impact the use of trademarks on tobacco products in many ways. In line with its international obligations, Zimbabwe enacted the Public Health (Control of Tobacco) Regulations, 2002 SI 264 of 2002. This article carries an exposition of the contents of the statutory instrument, comparing it to the demands of the convention and laws of other countries that have done well in this respect. This comparison leads to the conclusion that the Zimbabwean law in its current form and shape is inadequate and does not meet the requirements of the convention. This suggests that there is need to review and upgrade the law to make it compliant with the demands of the WHO FCTC. 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z