Assessment of University Students' Knowledge of Risk Factors for Diabetes Type 2 at Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe

Abstract

Diabetes type 2 (DT2) has become a global publ000ic health issue increasingly affecting those aged 18-40 years. Knowledge about diabetes is limited among university students. Yet being a university student is often associated with deviant behaviors which may not promote healthy living, increasing risk for DT2. The purpose of the study was first to determine the socio- demographic variables and related factors associated with limited DT2 knowledge in a university sample of students. Secondly, we compared students’ healthy lifestyle with their knowledge on risk factors for DT2 based on American Diabetic Association guidelines. This cross-sectional analytical study interviewed 147 students at HIT using a standardised semi-structured questionnaire between February and March 2021. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis for association were analysed using Epi info version 7. Participants’ knowledge was assessed based on correct definition, signs, complications and risk factors for DT2 as defined by American Diabetic Association. Overall, 57.8% (n=85) participants had knowledge on all 4 points assessed. By proportion, the components with the highest percentage of gaps on signs, complications and risks for DT2 were frequent thirst 46% (n=66); weight gain or loss 40% (n=54), frequent urination 36% (n=53); frequent hunger 35% (n=52) limp amputation 40% (n=59). Participants’ knowledge on risk factors was limited and was as follows: gestational diabetes 14% (n=20): smoking 18% (n=26); sedentary lifestyle 30% (n=44). Skipping of meals was noted to be a common occurrence; 73% (n=107) did not have lunch; 4.7% had supper only; 23% (n=33) had all three meals. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages was statistically significant risk factor for DT2 at 95% CI 2.3; 3.2 P value < 0.001. Overall, 21.1% (n=31) engaged in routine physical activity. Increased vigorous activity was strongly significant to college residence at (P>0.003). More males significantly engaged in physical activity than females (P> 0.09). Family history on DT2 was associated with increased physical activity (P< 0.005). In adequate knowledge on DT2 and lack of public health interventions increases DT2 in tertiary institutions. Knowledge gaps on risk factors for DT2 in tertiary institutions need to be addressed.