The Impact of Female Genital Mutilation on the Health of Women in Western Sierra Leone

Abstract

The study explored Female genital mutilation (FGM) practices in the Western Sierra Leone to determine its health impacts on women and learn about opportunities for local actors to influence and eliminate the practice of FGM. The study examined the initiatives developed by communities and the government of Sierra Leone in the fight against Female genital mutilation and was conducted in two communities, Kroo Bay and Dwarzack. Social convention theory formed the theoretical framework of this study giving an insight into the underlying reasons for the perpetuation of FGM such as traditions, social acceptance and religion. These are ascertaining forces that foster its promotion and persistence and are responsible for pushing its continuation. Participants included a sample of 50 women who had experienced FGM and 10 policy makers as key informants. Data was collected through interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The research findings indicated that female genital mutilation is prevalent in the western urban district of Sierra Leone. The overriding motivating factor for the practice of FGM in these communities is tradition. Participants believe that FGM is part of their tradition and culture as it brings people together. The study confirms the dominance of society leaders (Soweis) in the initiation rites. The study showed that FGM negatively affects women physically, psychologically, socially and sexually. The research concluded that communities and organizations in Sierra Leone are working hard to fight against the practice of FGM; even though there is still a lot of work needed to be done by the Sierra Leonean government to protect women against FGM. The study recommends that the government of Sierra Leone should adopt national policies and pass legislation to protect women from FGM and there should be an implementation of legislation prohibiting FGM in Sierra Leone, including the prosecution of perpetrators.