A Human Rights Based Approach to Substance Related Disorders Amongst Youth: A Case of Parirenyatwa Psychiatric Unit, Harare (2014-2024)

Abstract

The study examined a human rights approach to substance related disorders amongst youths, a case of Parirenyatwa psychiatric unit in Harare (2014- 2024). The objectives of the study were to evaluate the human rights based approach in enhancing mental wellbeing among youths suffering from substance related disorders at Parirenyatwa Psychiatric hospital, to examine the extent to which the Zimbabwean legal framework protects or not protect youths suffering from substance abuse disorders, to ascertain the risk factors contributing to youth substance abuse in Harare and to explore approaches that can be used for enhancing mental wellness /health of youths at Parirenyatwa. The study was informed by the therapeutic jurisprudence theory, which expresses that that legal rules and procedures can be used to improve the mental and physical well-being of youths (that is, justice-involved juveniles often with drug-involved offenses) within the court system and this is applicable to this study as human rights are the components of the law. The emphasis under this model is on the selection of a therapeutic option that promotes health but does not conflict with the normative values of the justice system, such as due process. The study applied a qualitative research approach through interviews with key respondents in the health sector both in the academic space and in the field of practice. Substance abuse has become one of the leading causes of mortality and a serious health concern amongst the youth. The possession, manufacturing and distribution has been criminalized and very firm policies have been created to tackle this problem, with billions of dollars being spent on apprehension, prosecution and incarceration of drug dealers and users. As a result, the approach to drug policies has created disastrous effects especially on the rights of those affected by substance related disorders. The study findings revealed that a human rights-based approach is essential for addressing substance related disorders among youths. Current mental healthcare services at the hospital face significant challenges, including inadequate funding, limited access to specialized services, and stigma surrounding mental health and substance related disorders. Adolescents suffering from substance abuse related disorders face numerous barriers to accessing healthcare, including cultural and social stigma, lack of awareness, and limited access to education and employment opportunities. The study recommends among other things; to establish youth-friendly mental healthcare services, prioritizing empowerment, participation, and inclusion; implement community-based initiatives, including peer support groups and outreach programs; provide education and awareness programs to reduce stigma and promote mental health awareness; address systematic issues, including inadequate funding and limited access to resources and prioritize mental healthcare funding and resources, allocating sufficient resources for youth mental health services.