Amoebiasis Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals from 2021 to 2023

Abstract

Amoebiasis, a parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica and poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing countries including Zimbabwe. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable due to physiological changes that may compromise their immune system. The incidence of amoebiasis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Parirenyatwa group of hospitals has not been comprehensively evaluated in recent years. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors associated with amoebiasis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals from 2021 to 2023. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using laboratory records of pregnant women tested for amoebiasis during antenatal visits. Data on demographic characteristics, medical conditions, and laboratory-confirmed amoebiasis cases were analysed. Prevalence rates were calculated, and associations between amoebiasis and potential risk factors such as residential area and medical conditions were examined. Out of 384 pregnant women screened for amoebiasis, 7 cases tested positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 1.82%. The amoebiasis prevalences recorded in 2021, 2022 and 2023 were 2.75%, 1.00%, and 2.70%, respectively. All amoebiasis cases were found in women residing in high-density areas, indicating a significant association between poor living conditions and infection risk. Among pre-existing medical conditions, diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities among infected pregnant women. Women aged 25-28 years had the highest prevalence compared to other age groups. The findings suggest that amoebiasis remains a concern among pregnant women, particularly those from high-density areas and those with underlying medical conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Improved sanitation, access to clean water, and targeted health education for high-risk pregnant women are recommended to reduce the burden of amoebiasis. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of amoebiasis on maternal and foetal health.