Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Infection Among Blood Donors at Saint Joseph Hospital, Monrovia from January–December 2024.

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection among blood donors at Saint Joseph Catholic Hospital in Monrovia, Liberia, between January and December 2024. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional design using retrospective data from hospital records. A structured questionnaire and laboratory results were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk behaviors of blood donors. A sample size of 600 participants was selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation across different months and donor categories. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distributions. Findings revealed that the prevalence of HBV infection among blood donors increased progressively over the 12-month period, rising from 14.3% in January to 37.5% in December. High-risk factors identified included unsafe medical practices, unregulated tattooing, multiple sexual partners, and a history of blood transfusion. Notably, unsafe medical practices contributed to over 40% of infections in some months. The study highlighted gaps in public awareness, screening practices, and regulatory enforcement concerning HBV transmission routes. The results underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, including regular HBV screening, public education on transmission risks, and stricter enforcement of safety protocols in medical and cosmetic procedures. The study recommends the integration of HBV education into community outreach programs and improvements in blood donor screening to ensure transfusion safety.