Detection of Illicit Drugs in Urine Samples at Lancet Clinical Laboratories, 2024.

Abstract

The detection of illicit drugs in urine samples is a critical component of public health monitoring, particularly in urban settings where substance misuse poses significant societal challenges. This research aimed to assess the prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use among patients at Lancet Clinical Laboratories in Harare during 2024. Utilizing a retrospective cross-sectional design, a total of 716 urine samples were analysed, revealing a notable positive detection rate of 28.9% for at least one illicit substance. The study highlighted male patients as disproportionately affected, constituting 86.5% of positive cases, with a mean age of 30 years, indicating a significant demographic trend associated with drug use. High-density areas, particularly Kuwadzana, Budiriro, Mbare, and Mabvuku, emerged as major contributors to the overall sample pool, underscoring the urban nature and accessibility of illicit substances in these communities. The most frequently detected substances were marijuana (67.6%), followed by benzodiazepines (30.0%) and opiates (23.2%). Alarmingly, 36.7% of positive cases indicated poly-drug use, primarily involving cannabis in combination with benzodiazepines, reflecting a concerning trend linked to increased health risks and complicating treatment strategies. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, including educational campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of drug misuse and the importance of treatment access. Furthermore, community-based harm reduction programs are essential to support individuals struggling with addiction and to mitigate the broader societal impacts of substance abuse. This study provides vital insights into the current landscape of illicit drug use in Zimbabwe, emphasizing the necessity for evidence-based public health policies tailored to combat this growing crisis. Ongoing surveillance and research are essential for adapting strategies to effectively reduce the adverse impacts of substance abuse in high-risk populations.