Strategies to Mitigate the Recurrence of Conflict in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, in Goma

Abstract

The conflict in Goma, in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), continues despite decades of military, diplomatic, and peacekeeping interventions, resulting in significant humanitarian and regional instability (United Nations, 2024; Reuters, 2025). This study examines the effectiveness and limitations of current conflict reduction strategies in Goma, while proposing sustainable alternatives to prevent the resurgence of conflict. Drawing on conflict resolution and institutional theory, this study highlights the role of dialogue, mediation, and institutional reform in addressing the root causes of violence (Burton, 1990; North, 1990). Using a qualitative research approach, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with government representatives, local communities, and NGOs, supported by a contextual analysis of policy frameworks and peace agreements (Creswell, 2018). The findings were aimed to assess military interventions, such as the FARDC and MONUSCO operations, which, despite their objectives, have been hampered by logistical challenges, corruption, and human rights concerns (Autesserre, 2010; Nation Africa, 2025). Diplomatic initiatives, including the Luanda Ceasefire Agreement, have experienced delays in implementation due to regional geopolitical tensions (Associated Press, 2025). Furthermore, the exploitation of resources by armed groups and external actors continues to fuel conflict, undermining peace efforts (Bafilemba & Lezhnev, 2015; United Nations, 2021). This study aims to reveal that while international and regional interventions are important, community-led peacebuilding initiatives and strengthening governance structures are essential for sustainable peace (Lederach, 1997; Doyle & Sambanis, 2006). The findings informed policymakers, peacekeeping missions, and civil society organizations by providing practical recommendations to strengthen conflict reduction efforts in Goma, thereby contributing to long-term stability in eastern DRC. Ultimately, this research aims to bridge the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical implementation to develop international and domestic strategies that address the cycle of violence in the region, while aligning with Africa University’s commitment to peace and sustainable development.