The Importance of Protecting Traditional Knowledge for the Promotion of Socio-Economic Development and Human Rights in Lesotho

Abstract

Traditional knowledge (TK) plays a significant role in the health care, agriculture and environment sectors. It is largely recognized as an important mechanism for the improvement of technological and socio-economic development of the local communities in Africa. In recent years, the international community has been working towards ensuring effective protection of TK, genetic resources (GRs) and traditional and cultural expressions (TCEs). This has led to the development of policies and programs that support the use of TK to promote rural development, gender equity, conservation of bio-cultural diversity, and sustainable management of agro-ecosystems. Moreover, attempts have been made to encourage international and interdisciplinary collaboration to emphasize the relationship between TK and science and technology, for purposes of advancing the world’s food and agricultural diversity and sustainability. There is however a concern that the rights of local communities over their TK are not adequately protected. This concern calls for strategic considerations on harnessing TK for development and trade in developing countries. Lesotho is one of the least developed countries in which the majority of people largely depend on TK and related traditional practices. It is also a signatory to the Swakopmund Protocol on the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Expressions of Folklore, (within the framework of the African Regional Intellectual Property (ARIPO). The Protocol enjoins contracting parties to ensure protection of TK and expressions of folklore. This study has revealed that though it is generally acknowledged that TK is a significant tool for socio-economic development, in Lesotho, it is not adequately protected. There are recommendations made on strategies that can ensure effective TK protection in the country. These include awareness campaigns, development of a comprehensive legal and policy framework, and capacity building of all relevant stakeholders.